Numerical Study of Triple Pipe Heat Exchanger Using Copper, Steel, and Aluminium of Varying Thicknesses

Abstract

This study investigates the thermal performance of a triple-pipe heat exchanger constructed with copper, steel, and aluminum pipes of varying wall thicknesses. The analysis focuses on the influence of material properties and thickness on heat transfer efficiency, pressure drop, and overall exchanger effectiveness. Results indicate that copper, owing to its superior thermal conductivity, achieves the highest heat transfer rates. Aluminum provides a favorable compromise between conductivity and structural weight, while steel contributes mechanical strength but exhibits comparatively lower thermal performance. Variations in wall thickness further impact conduction resistance and fluid flow characteristics, underscoring the importance of optimising both material selection and geometric design to enhance exchanger efficiency.