Design and Performance Comparison of Bowtie and Bowtie-Slot Antennas for 10-GHz 6G Wireless Applications

Abstract

In this paper, a compact bowtie antenna is presented. The evaluation of this design, including simulation and performance optimization, was conducted for operation at 10 GHz to support 6G wireless communication systems. The proposed antenna was implemented on a low relative permittivity substrate Duroid with a thickness of 1.27 mm, selected for its low dielectric loss and stable performance at millimeter-wave frequencies. A modified bowtie geometry is employed to enhance impedance matching, extend operational bandwidth, and improve radiation efficiency in the 8–12 GHz spectrum. Full-wave electromagnetic simulations are conducted using ANSYS HFSS to validate the antenna’s return loss, gain, radiation pattern, and surface current distribution. Results demonstrate that the optimized bowtie structure achieves broadband operation with return loss below –10 dB around the 10 GHz resonance, making it a suitable candidate for compact 6G front-end devices, high-speed sensing, and short-range high-capacity links.