Integrating remote sensing data and geographic information systems in geological map analysis: Bani Walid geological map as a case study

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the geological map of the Bani Walid sheet in Libya using Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) techniques , in light of continuous technological advancements, to enhance the scientific understanding of the earth formations. The Bani Walid area is considered one of the important geological regions in Libya, characterized by the diversity of its rocky and structural formations.

The study follows a methodology based on collecting geological and topographic data and satellite imagery, performing Georeferencing operations, and creating a digital database in the ArcMap software , followed by data analysis operations to determine the distribution and types of rocks and geological structures.

The results revealed an accurate determination of the spatial distribution of geological formations across different eras, starting from the Upper Cretaceous up to the Quaternary period (Holocene). It was found that the Upper Cretaceous formations cover the largest percentage (approximately 29%) of the study area in the northwest , followed by the Cretaceous (Upper Cretaceous – Paleocene) formations at 24.4% , while the Quaternary (Holocene) formations cover about 21% of the total area. The study also demonstrated the effectiveness of integrating (RS & GIS) techniques in improving the accuracy of interpreting rock formations and tectonic structure, revealing patterns of ground deformation, and supporting sustainable geological planning. The study recommends expanding the application of these techniques and establishing a digital geological database for the Bani Walid area.