Methods for Repairing Cracks and Fissures in War-Damaged and Aging Structures in Libya: An Integrated Engineering Approach

Abstract

Cracking and deterioration in buildings and infrastructure have become significant challenges in Libya due to the combined effects of armed conflicts, aging structures, inadequate maintenance, and harsh environmental conditions. These factors can compromise structural integrity, reduce service life, and threaten the safety of occupants. This paper presents an integrated engineering perspective on the diagnosis, repair, and strengthening of cracks in structures affected by war damage and long-term deterioration in Libya. It reviews the main types of cracks and their causes, including blast-induced damage, vibration, concrete shrinkage, reinforcement corrosion, excessive loading, differential foundation settlement, and construction defects. The paper also examines structural assessment techniques, emphasizing visual inspection, crack monitoring, non-destructive testing, and selected destructive tests to identify the underlying causes and evaluate the extent of damage. Available repair and strengthening methods are discussed, including epoxy injection, polymer-modified repair mortars, non-shrink grout, concrete and steel jacketing, corrosion protection, and foundation rehabilitation. Particular attention is given to fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites because of their high tensile strength, lightweight properties, corrosion resistance, and potential to improve the performance of damaged structural elements. The discussion further highlights the practical challenges facing rehabilitation projects in Libya, including limited resources, insufficient specialized expertise, inconsistent construction quality, and logistical constraints. The paper emphasizes that successful rehabilitation requires accurate diagnosis, appropriate selection of repair materials, qualified engineering supervision, and regular preventive maintenance. An integrated, condition-based approach can support safer rehabilitation, extend the service life of existing structures, and contribute to sustainable reconstruction and infrastructure resilience in Libya.