تحليل خطابي نقدي متعدد الوسائط لتمثيل معمر القذافي لذاته وتمثيل وسائل الإعلام الغربية والعربية له خلال الانتفاضة الليبية عام 2011

Abstract

This study presents a critical discourse analysis (CDA) of the construction of political identity during periods of revolutionary crisis. It examines the dichotomous representation of Muammar Gaddafi in February 2011 through two primary data streams: his first major public address following the uprising (February 22, 2011) and the contemporaneous visual and textual coverage in three newspapers—The Sun (UK), The Daily News (a prominent US tabloid-style outlet), and Alshourouq (Egypt). Employing Fairclough’s (1992) three-dimensional model of CDA, Halliday’s (1978) Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL), and Kress and van Leeuwen’s (2006) grammar of visual design, the analysis reveals a profound disjuncture between Gaddafi’s linguistic self-fashioning and his mediated portrayal. Findings indicate that Gaddafi’s speech strategically deployed lexical choices, transitivity, and modality to construct identities of a rightful leader, paternal protector, and historical embodiment of Libya. Conversely, the selected newspapers, despite ideological nuances, converged on a representational framework depicting Gaddafi as weak, cowardly, and delegitimized, primarily through specific visual framing, camera angles, and captions. This study argues that the conflict between these representations is not merely descriptive but deeply ideological, reflecting the struggle for discursive hegemony during the Arab Spring, where control over narrative became a key battleground alongside military confrontation.