Maritime Piracy Between Legitimate Self-Defense and Criminal Conduct

Abstract

This study examines maritime piracy by clarifying its concept and legal elements under international law, while distinguishing it from lawful self-defense in the maritime domain. It also highlights the legal conditions of self-defense, particularly necessity and proportionality, in determining the legality of the use of force at sea.

The study concludes that maritime piracy is a criminal act committed for private gain through violence, whereas self-defense constitutes a lawful use of force to repel an imminent and unlawful threat. It also emphasizes the importance of strengthening international legal rules and international cooperation to combat maritime piracy and ensure maritime security.