Deriving contour lines from digital elevation models using Geographic Information Systems (ArcGIS software)

Abstract

Extracting contour lines from Digital Elevation Models (DEM) is considered one of the most important applications of topographic analysis in Geographic Information Systems (GIS), as these lines provide an accurate representation of the Earth's surface shape and characteristics. ArcGIS relies on advanced spatial analysis tools to convert digital elevation data into contour lines that represent different elevations in a graduated manner. Free Digital Elevation Model (DEM) elevation data obtained through satellite imagery is one of the most important sources of information about the nature of the terrain, as this data enables the derivation of contour lines (equal elevations), which are of great significance in many fields. Furthermore, most GIS software programs have the capability to deal with this data and generate contour maps. This research aims to utilize free SRTM Digital Elevation Model data and convert it into contour lines (equal vertical intervals/levels) with minimal cost, the fastest time, and a specified accuracy.