A Comprehensive Study of Ad Hoc Networks: Routing, Challenges, and Security. Libyan Open University Journal of Applied Sciences (LOUJAS), [S. l.], v. 2, n. 1, p. 427–436, 2026. DOI: 10.65422/loujas.v2i1.274. Disponível em: https://oujournals.ly/index.php/LOUJAS/article/view/274. Acesso em: 20 jun. 2026.